近战狂兵
郭志宇 57671万字 88270人读过 连载
2012年6月2日，又逢周六，天气阴，我决定从河北省邢台市邢 台 县西黄村镇的前马厂村翻山越岭到后青峪村再到上马庄最后到邢 台 县皇寺。早8点我从前马厂村北侧开始上山，到皇寺正好中午12点。 嗨，一边登山一边听自己喜欢的音乐，那种感觉真的超爽超美妙哦，现在我爬山的感觉很爽，脚步轻快，如同走在平路上一样。上山下山都没有一丝累的感觉。朋友都说佩服我的毅力，其实，登山并不需要毅力，而是一种爱好，一种享受，我爱登山！ 人生是一次登山，沿途有擦肩而过的荆棘刺痛，有粗砺的山岩的拌脚，但这一切均无损于山的光明磊落，山的坦荡忠诚。 人们常常抱怨登山道路的坎坷，登山路途的遥远，害怕山中的荆棘和山岩。弱者在山的前面俯首臣服，不敢上前；强者不畏艰难险阻，涉水翻山。在翻越了大山之后，我发现：原来成功在山后。 山险固然可怕，山路固然难走。但人们同时也应想到：登山道路周围的景色是何等之秀美，有青山翠树的美景，有极目远望的无限风光，有鸟儿婉转的歌唱声，有泉水叮咚的悦耳声。 其实，我们可以换个角度去看待山。为什么不把山看作是磨练自己的工具呢？一路登山，一路欣赏美景，一路磨练自己。待翻越了大山，成功也就在你的前面了。 生活中的困难是一座座的山，要想取得成功，你就必须不怕坎坷曲折，不惧山高路远，努力拼搏，战胜困难。也许你会有“山重水复疑无路”的感觉，也许你会感到精疲力尽，也许你心中会升起后退的念头，但是，“天将降大任于斯人也，必先苦其心志，劳其筋骨，饿其体肤，空乏其身，行拂乱其所为，所以动心忍性，曾益其所不能“。你应该认识到成功就在困难的后面，只要你鼓起风帆，坚持到底，终会到达成功的彼岸。 成功，永远在山的后面，牵引着人一生不息的脚步，风霜雪雨，一路踉呛赶去。只有走过一生泥泞的道路，才能摘到芬芳艳丽的成功之花! 行走在前马厂村—皇寺的山路上！ 行走在前马厂村—皇寺的山路上！ 行走在前马厂村—皇寺的山路上！见到的红布条，路！很亲切！ 行走在前马厂村—皇寺的山路上！遇到一群驴友！ 行走在前马厂村—皇寺的山路上！上马庄村天真孩童！ 行走在前马厂村—皇寺的山路上！上马庄村！沿途见到的红布条，路！很亲切！ 行走在前马厂村—皇寺的山路上！ 行走在前马厂村—皇寺的山路上！ 行走在前马厂村—皇寺的山路上！ 行走在前马厂村—皇寺的山路上！看到了棋盘山！ 行走在前马厂村—皇寺的山路上！见到的红布条，路！很亲切！([]
最新章节： 第521章 生死狙击 （ 2024-05-21 10:10:07）
更新时间： 2024-05-21 12:00:21
- 第1章 全职高手2
- 第2章 林心如为老公庆生
- 第3章 天龙八部下坠Falling
- 第4章 第一夫人集体发声
- 第5章 东方跨年全阵容
- 第6章 澳大利亚射杀骆驼
- 第7章 明星大侦探
- 第8章 创可贴
- 第9章 本田
- 第10章 生死狙击
- 第11章 911事件17周年
- 第12章 巴勒斯坦
- 第13章 精英律师
- 第14章 大主宰2
- 第15章 东风26发射画面
- 第16章 问道
- 第17章 迷你特工队
- 第18章 李沁
- 第19章 起风了
- 第20章 魔兽世界奔驰
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- 第551章 寻情记
- 第552章 曝马蜂窝裁员40%
- 第553章 赵丽颖补办婚礼
- 第554章 魏大勋
- 第555章 熊出没
- 第556章 急速逃脱
- 第557章 第一夫人集体发声
- 第558章 武炼巅峰4
- 第559章 熊出没
- 第560章 千与千寻
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- 第562章 男子有偿抢票获刑
- 第563章 马云
- 第564章 皇冠
- 第565章 蔡徐坤
- 第566章 最佳女婿
- 第567章 魔兽世界奔驰
- 第568章 现金
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魏柏伦在8264上混了好几年，从来没发过帖，最多顶下。出行前也上网看了很多帖子，根据各种信息才制订出此次的线路，为此将游记发在这里以示感谢。3月初的一天无意中进入亚航官网，发现有促销活动，虽不象网上同学们秒杀抢到的便宜，但能从所住的城市出发，而且起飞时间是上午，很动心。于是与朋友商量后，第一次在网上订购了7月3日（因朋友那时才有空）去泰国的机票。操作了几个小时才搞定，笨呀。心奋了一夜没睡着。第二天将消息告之其他朋友，一下就约到好几个。使这次出行人数达到6人。线路大至如下，分三个阶段：第一段7月5日晚至13日泰南海边玩水。坐火车到素叻他尼，再去苏梅岛、帕岸岛、龟岛。（7楼起）第二段7月13至21日兵分两路，4人汽车返回曼谷去柬埔寨吴哥窟，2人汽车继续南下去甲米、董里玩水。（143楼起）第三段7月21晚至30日泰北感受清凉。6人在曼谷汇合后坐火车到清迈，汽车去拜县（240楼起）帖子发出后，很多人关心花费多少，在此补充一下，就不一一回答了。机票、证、保险和在泰国的所有花销加起来共约7500元左右，不含购物的费用。先介绍下一行的朋友们触缘姐，此行年龄最大的一位。茶亭，也是上了六十的哟，看不出来吧玲点，也是退了休的二妹，此行唯一懂一点英语的二妹的女儿豆豆，12岁初一学生，也稍微懂点英语还有就是我了，梦兰 此行一色的女人，还是四老一中一小，老的全不会英语，有的是出行经验和时间，只有二妹算是比较全面吧，豆豆妹没出过门，这也是第一次吧，这一群二货出门，时间又长，肯定故事不少哈，我慢慢讲。发两张合影，此行也没照到几张合影耶。 7月3日在重庆江北机场乘11点20分亚航的飞机，曼谷时间1点半左右到达素万那普国际机场。按攻略说的先换零钱拿地图，还找到免费电话卡，再去一楼餐厅吃饭，最后到底楼坐城市快线进城到帕亚泰也是TBS的N2站。这里吃饭很便宜这里买城市快线的票45B／人坐车就出故事，由于我们都不会英语，上车时我就数了下总共7个站，到终点站下车。我说数到坐，大家一聊天就没数，心想反正是终点站，都要下车的个，不要紧的，谁知到站后就是有好些人没下，结果我们自然不知，发现车往回开了才晓得终点站过了，只好在回开的第一个站下车。哈哈到曼谷就闹笑话。然后打TUTU车去高山路。诸位都知道在曼谷打TUTU车容易被宰，我们抱定每车100B的价格给，招了两辆TUTU车还是有司机愿意拉，很快到达高山路。根据攻略上的指引去了旅馆一条街(SoiRambuttri)把街都快走完了也没找到便宜的，而且大多数GH都住满了，终于在Bacm sabair GH找到住处，三间空调房共1400B，有一间有热水器。这条小巷比较安静，吃住都方便，还有很多马杀鸡店，离高山路很近，也是背包客云集的地方。晚上去高山路吃饭，这里热闹非常，不太喜欢。7月4日先去曼谷最著名的景点------大皇宫。高山路离大皇宫不远，上午走路过去，中间走了段弯路，结果到达时已是10点多了，正是旅行社到达的高峰时段。赶忙去买了票400B／人（含柚木宫门票）。这天很热，我们在里面呆到下午1点多，饿得遭不住了才出来。金碧辉煌的大皇宫在阳光下金灿灿的，晃得人睁不开眼。在大殿外拍的玉佛，殿内是不准拍照的 又饿又热，感觉要中暑了，在大排档吃完中饭猛喝了果汁后总算缓过劲来。坐1路车去华南蓬火车站买5日去春蓬和21日去清迈的票，再步行去唐人街。在火车站ATM机上取钱也搞笑，取出来的是100B一张的，一次只能取20张，也就是2000B,我看到攻略上说的是可取5000人民币的得嘛，怎么变成2000B了，难不成今后每天都要取钱哟。她们都取了，我感觉不对头便没取。结果晚上回高山路后我取了10000B，是1000B一张的10张，我想可能是按张数取，我要取20000B都取得到。顺便说下华夏银行的卡，每天第一次取钱不收手续费。晚上在唐人街吃饭，天开始下雨了，经过一个小巷时看见卖水果的手推车，上面有山竹，一问50B一公斤，算下来才5元人民币一斤便宜，先来2公斤，几分钟便消灭了，再来2公斤，风卷残云般又完了，然后又称4公斤提着带回去吃，太好吃了。雨越下越大，只好打的挤着回GH。回到高山路便去马杀鸡。 7月5日上午步行去柚木宫。这是大皇宫门票中包含了的，7日内都有效。这里与大皇宫的要求不一样，女性必须穿过膝长裙，我们都是穿的长裤，只好每人花40B买一块布裹在腰上才放行。这里不准拍照，每人发一个解说器，走到几号展区就按几号键，耳机里就播这个展区的解说。柚木宫是皇家博物馆，展出的都是皇家的精品、国宝。精致细腻华美无比 ，真金真银稀有宝石龙椅宝座等等绝非A货仿货之流，看得人眼花缭乱的。慢慢欣赏，不想离开，最后实在抗不过空调太冷的温度才出来。柚木宫 外面是大理石建筑里面便是柚木结构门楣上的浮雕在草坪上迈方步的小鸟，一点都不怕人本来对柚木宫没抱太大的希望，没想到还很值得看。出来后发现时间不早了，打听坐70路公交车去高山路，上车买票，售票员不收钱，才搞清楚是免费车。这是在一个不发达的国家吗，居然有免费车坐。当时朋友就开玩笑地喊起来我爱泰国。刚高兴没多久，就让我们大跌眼镜。回到GH收拾行李，准备退房走人，没想到超过12点了，要加收半天的房费，直接就在订金中扣了，MD晕哟。既然钱都扣了，咱们就不走，反正外面都热得遭不住，索性睡午觉，到下午3点多才离开。坐车去华南蓬火车站存包70B／包有点贵，再地铁去salom转轻轨去暹罗广场，随知轻轨坏了，这是啥运气哟，只好在salom附近吃了晚餐回车站。倒在候车厅的地上睡觉，居然睡得很香。22点55分的火车，车上多是背包客。坐位宽畅是航空坐，一边两位子，空调车温度很低，发毛巾、水、小点心，感觉很不错的。 7月6日基本上都在路上。早上6点过火车到达春蓬，在此下车的人很多。有TUTU去汽车站20B／人，几分钟就到了。为什么要去春蓬？所有的背包客到这里是要去龟岛，而我们是受了xfish《哥回来了》帖子的影响，一门心思想去素林群岛去浮潜。对于素林群岛LP书上介绍很简单，网上也宣有帖子介绍。跟着xfish的脚步，我们便走上了去素林群岛的路。而且对这里寄予了厚望，把这里放在第一站。这里乘迷你巴士去拉廊120B／人坐满开车。9点左右到过拉廊。正好停在去瓜拉布里的大巴旁边，又是下车接上车。泰国的旅游行业就是做得好，考虑很周到。在附近的小店吃饭，炒粉、炸鸡。去瓜拉布里车费110B／人，10点半出发12点过到达瓜拉布里。我和二妹、豆豆去找tom and am旅行社。很好找，正对汽车站公路对面。一路上感觉都不对，去这里的除了我们6人外没见一个老外，这里再不出名，总有老外知道噻，为什么没有人呢,想不明白。到了tom and am旅行社才被告之素林群岛去不了，一年中只有11月----来年4月开放，5----10月停业。原来5月至11月安达曼海受热带季风影响风浪大水混浊不适合潜水，所以不开放。这打击也太大了嘛，好不容易来到这里得到的是这个消息。书上和网上都没说这些，看来LP也靠不住。这几天的运气真的不怎么样耶。来都来了，又没车离开了，只好在镇上唯一的旅店住下吧，此时天又下起了雨。 我发不起帖了，主要是发的图传不上去，整得帖子也发不出，恼火哟我们的住处门廊前的风玲看前面河里是什么 7月7日目苏梅岛。一夜的雨不断，早晨起来停了。先乘8点半的大巴去达瓜巴，再转乘去素叻他尼的车，也是无缝衔接不用走路，1点过到达素叻他尼。车站便是市场很多吃摊，在一个会点华语的中年人那里吃快餐，又去市场买了6公斤多山竹，才25B／公斤和蛇皮果40B／公斤。按攻略上说的去seatran公司，结果顶到大太阳走了几百米的路只比车站旁边的旅游公司便宜了10B，划不着。在seatran旅游公司买的车船联票240B／人。3点20分的车近一个小时的车程到达敦沙码头。5点20分的船，7点才到达苏梅岛的那通码头，一直下雨，天也黑了。只有打双条车最方便，根据LP介绍苏梅岛最大的海滩是查汶，其次是拉迈海滩。我们不喜热闹，加之已经在双条车上的三人都是去拉迈的，于是我们选择了去拉迈。车子足足开了40多分钟，苏梅岛真的好大呀。我和二妹母女去找住宿雨天街上行人不多，走了约200多米在一小巷找到一处清幽僻静的GH，三间房有热水，两间风扇一间空调，房间很大，后面还有厨台可煮饭，共1000B。有宽畅的凉台饿了，去就近的饭馆吃了一顿象样的晚餐。到这天我们都买了18公斤多的山竹了，还是没吃够。 7月8日拉迈海滩休闲。早起上街到处都关门闭户安静之极，才想起泰国基本生活节凑是下午2点后才开始营业，高潮是晚上。所以现在大多数人还在梦乡里。没有早餐卖，还好到处都有24小时营业的711超市。711连锁超市的价格全国相同，比中国的一些连锁超市价格混乱好太多了。我们住宿的GH离海边大约走5分钟吧，上午在海边漫步游泳，下午逛街买菜找旅行社最后以350B／人敲定明天半日游岛和400B／人去帕岸的船，晚上自己动手煮海鲜火锅。对了补充一下，我们这次6个人带了两个电磁炉和一个可分离的电热杯。平时可烧开水，有时间自己煮饭下面也方便。泰国菜甜酸辣吃久了难免想吃重庆的麻辣味，所以还带了许多佐料去正好煮火锅。海边美女西方人自己的孩子自己带，不管走多远孩子多小。中国人小孩子甩给婆婆外婆带，小两口自己出去耍。这仅是文化差异吗？小美女这天云层很厚，海的顡色并不好看，但下海游泳正好不晒。海边漫步一个揪迁让大家玩hi了7月9日上午参加半日游，下午去大佛码头乘船去帕岸岛转车去了通乃番海滩。早早的收拾完毕，退房走人，来到旅行社门口还没上班，又到海边溜达一圈，卡片机随拍几张 9点接我们的巴士来了，半日游苏梅岛先看寺庙，然后看大佛像、查汶海滩观海、一处象形礁石、猴子摘椰子、一个大德高僧的木乃伊、最后是瀑布，在此吃饭，再返回旅行社提包去码头等船。好久没参加旅行社了，很不适应，也没感觉，就是赶行程走完了事。生命之根生命之源，稀奇的是这两礁石相邻不远观景台上拍的海景，平静广阔 半日游虽意义不大，也让我们对苏梅岛有了大致的了解。苏梅确实大也很繁华，开发多年非常成熟。下午两点才回到旅行社拿了大包又坐车去大佛码头等4点的快船去帕岸岛。帕岸岛离苏梅岛只有15公里，4、50分钟的航行便到了东南角的林海滩码头。有迷你巴士去通乃番海湾，车费300B／人。LP书上说东部无公路的信息已成历史了。车子从岛的最南边纵穿岛的腹地，公路弯道多，起复又大，很是危险，当地司机把车开得飞快，很是为他陧了一把汗。近一个小时的车程到达东北角的通乃番海湾。大佛码头等船时一老一小睡着了其实帕岸岛的南面和西面都开发很成熟，也热闹方便。我选择东北角的通乃番，是觉得这里比较清静而已，并没看到关于它的文章和评价。上车后发现车费这多贵，心里有些打鼓。当司机说到了，我看到的是前不着村后不着店也看不到海的地方。怀着忐忑不安的心情和二妹、茶亭去找住处，穿过树林和一片小屋便看见大海，第一眼就感觉好漂亮。走了几家最后在海湾边的第一家找到还有两间，而且只能住一夜，590B一间有热水没空调，有些贵，此时天已黑尽。吃饭也不便宜，这里交通不便又是在岛上自然东西贵。去帕岸的船上7月10日一大早起来去吃早餐，服务生很好，知道我们必须搬家，便介绍我们去了从边上数的第五家。这里的房价是600B一间，热水风扇房，如果住两夜可少100B。这里不太热也用不作空调。头晚因三人挤一间屋都没睡好，所以这天还是要了三间。放下行李就参加了旅行社的浮潜600B／人。在素林没浮潜成，在这里补起。11点先坐长尾船去岛的北面，在一处海滩边很多船已经在这里了，靠近海边时船停下来，每人发一套眼镜、呼吸器。我自己带了就没用旅行社的。水里很多各色的鱼漂亮，但珊瑚大多死了，不好看。我们在船的附近跟着鱼儿游，用卡片机一阵乱拍，上船后发现啥也看不见，全是糊的。茶亭最先下水，也最先起水，不一会儿晕船了，可能是昨夜没睡好又有些感冒船又被烤得很烫所致。后去一个海滩吃中饭，这里的海水很清澈很适合游泳，可中午时分阳光太强，下去几分钟就被晒得通红，好在搽了防晒霜没晒伤。第三站是看瀑布，这瀑布还很有名，lp书上还介绍了的，可我们都没觉得有啥看头，充其量只能算是个叠水。下午4点返回住地，晚上自己煮稀饭粉丝又节约了一顿哈。通乃番第一夜住的地方，环境优美的茅草屋，吃早餐这天是几天来天气最好的一天，阳光下的大海与蓝天一色这天晚上的彩霞出奇的弦 这里的沙滩又细又白又平，赤脚踩在上面很舒服，晚上又凉爽，海水平静得几乎没有浪，看着满天繁星非常惬意，选择这里真的没错。([]
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尚晓强请点击下方的“只看该。虽然褒贬不一，但对大家的支持还是深表感谢。没有团队的配合，没有专业的装备，但我俩有自己的追求和梦想。我俩在实践中不断的学习，我俩的户外经验不断的增加，我俩的探险计划不断的完善，我俩的脚步永远不会终止！ 感谢老天给予我俩多次的化险为夷，更感谢老天让我寻觅到生命中的另一半——能和我共同承担风险的娟子。无论在现实生活的社会中，还是在危机四伏的自然界，我俩相互依靠，不离不弃，相信这种感情基础牢靠无比！ 我俩喜欢人迹罕至的地方，因为那里避开了城市的喧嚣，远离了人间的争斗。听到的只有水声，鸟声，风声，涛声。沉醉在大自然的怀抱中是每个驴友所希望的，当然，美丽与风险共存！ 从千里冰封，万里雪飘的东北，到水秀山青，风轻柳细的江南，我俩的旅途充满了欢笑和泪水。迷茫过，沮丧过，成功过，幸福过，但从没有恐惧过，从没有畏缩过。这些对我俩来说，就是理想中的人生！ 每到一处，留下的只有脚步，带走的只有相片。环保需要从我做起，人人做起。爱护大自然，就是爱护我们自己，也是爱护我们的后代。中国的雾霾，举世震惊，就连深山之中也不能幸免。我们还会拥有多少蓝天净土呢？ 一部老相机，记录了我俩旅途的点滴，留住了难忘的瞬间。还能让我俩在今后的日子里，翻阅从前的回忆。同时感谢8264，为我们提供了交流与学习的平台，也让无数的人中毒不浅！ 废话说了一大堆，该进入正了。这次我和娟子二人挑战的是一座孤岛中阴森庞大的洞穴，还有山民口中描述的明末清初的一座鬼宅。（我的文化不高，什么高中大学和我无缘，写不出妙笔生花的文字，东北人讲究实在，就用最朴实的大白话来叙述吧，请众位驴友见谅！）上篇：孤岛烟儿炮鬼吹灯 这次出游，本意我和娟子打算在大山深处湖中泛舟，欣赏美景。 却无意当中得知，在湖中一座岛上，有一个极其恐怖的洞穴。据山民所讲，几十年前，曾有人找到了这个洞穴，不知何故将洞口凿大，进洞的几人回来后，对洞穴闭口不谈，不久这几人有的身患暴病而死，有的遭遇横祸而亡，无一幸免。从此，这个洞穴再也无人敢进。我和娟子得知后，打听了好几个老人，终于问清洞穴的具体方位。我俩决定一探究竟。 我在这里给亲爱的驴友们一点提示，户外运动风险级别高的，尽量不要轻易挑战。如果喜欢探洞，可以选择一些已经探明而且难度不大的洞穴，探洞之前，多学习一些和洞穴有关的知识，装备很重要，最好有向导，至少三人以上团队，洞口有接应人员。我和娟子虽然也懂这些，但克制不住内心冒险的欲望，虽然积累了一点探洞经验，但像我俩这样，风险系数还是很大，所以请大家以我俩为戒，切勿效仿。 湖中泛舟和在岛上丛林中两天寻洞的详细经历，如果一并发出，这个帖子就太琐碎了，有时间整理一下另外发帖吧。山民所指的这个洞穴，位于湖中最大的一座岛屿上，孤岛由四座山包组合而成。 INTEX68349充气船，价格不高，比较实用，质量也不错，可以一船两用。今年南方酷暑，我在船里加上冷水，再冻几块冰扔进去，人泡在水里上网，几个小时后连骨头都是凉的，浑身打颤，非常爽。而在水中泛舟，划起来一点儿也不费劲儿。 天空中一只苍鹰在我俩头顶盘旋。 这是湖中最大的岛，所以很好找。划到孤岛边上，弃船上岸。这里很偏僻，可以看见野猫的爪印和粪便。一个多月没下雨了，湖水的水位下降了很多。 岛上的丛林还处在原始状态，行走起来非常艰难。由于事先并没打算爬山，所以穿的鞋子也不合适。途中见到两条乌梢蛇在晒太阳，它们吸收热量在为冬眠做准备。 在丛林和岩壁中穿行了三个多小时，也没找到洞口，当晚我和娟子就借宿在附近山村一个孤身老婆婆的家里。第二天又仔细询问了几个人，重新划船来到孤岛上，搜寻了多半天的功夫，在大概的方位找到了水流痕迹。顺着这些痕迹，终于找到了洞穴的入口。淘宝双12，秒杀冲锋衣就要开始了，先去抢购，马上回来更新。淘宝回来，继续更新中。。。。。。 由于这次出来没想探洞，所以随身只带了一把手电。我在洞口观察了一会儿，就和娟子返回了。 探洞的纪录片，我和娟子几乎看遍了。类似《地理中国》，里面有一个共同点，就是采访洞穴附近的村民，他们都把洞穴说的神乎其神，异常恐怖。其实洞穴的危险性，我和娟子也很了解，但绝对不相信什么妖魔鬼怪之说。所以我俩商定，还是进入这个洞穴一探究竟。 三天后，我俩又重新来到了这个地方。 面对黑漆漆的洞口，相信很多人，包括一些老爷们儿，也会感到紧张。不过娟子是典型的女汉子，天生大胆，不让须眉。 进入洞穴后，洞道向下延伸，洞腔比较高，地面也较平坦 。行进大概二十多米，洞道一拐，出现一个40平方米的洞厅。之后洞道开始弯弯曲曲，我俩也完全进入到了黑暗之中。 探洞首先应该注意的是洞内氧气是否够用。由于 CO2 密度是空气的 1.53 倍，所以它常常沉在洞底。但也不是所有洞底 CO2 含量都很高，按经验来讲，洞内突然变的温暖了，或鼻子能感觉到有异味，就说明洞道不畅通，这样的地方就要尽量注意。而凉爽、通风和有水流动的洞道一般都是安全的。 娟子小心的点燃了蜡烛，观察到火苗的颜色没有改变，燃烧正常。相反，如果发现火焰闪烁，就表明氧气不足或二氧化碳含量已达3％，这时要特别注意，具体生理反应是呼吸增快、脉搏加快、头痛、眩晕、耳鸣等。二氧化碳含量达到10％时火苗熄灭，会迅速使人致命。（这是科学的验证方法，并非是摸金校尉的“鬼吹灯”为盗墓做准备，哈哈。） 刚进洞的时候，我感觉到有很急的风，可现在立刻风平浪静了。这应该是“烟囱效应”，它是由于洞口或裂隙高度的不同，造成洞内外不同温度的空气自然对流的现象。“烟囱效应”显示很强的季节变化，冬天洞中的热空气由下而上的运动，夏天则相反；而春秋天，在洞内外压力接近的时候，随洞外昼夜温度的变化，出现每日不同时刻的风向变化。洞内湿气很大，洞顶很多地方都在滴水，低洼的地方并有积水出现。水中可以看到几只非常细小的虾在游动。 这里开始出现少量的钟乳石等钙华沉淀。可能出于形成年代早的原因吧，钙华已遭受严重的溶蚀和风化。 前面传来吱吱的叫声。顺声音寻去，在手电的照射下，一群蝙蝠倒挂在洞顶。洞内蝙蝠屎尿的气味不是很浓。我和娟子三探雨扇洞的时候，遭到一只巨型蝙蝠的攻击，深入洞穴后，里面蝙蝠数量太多，屎尿混合的氨气很浓，刺鼻辣眼，后来怕氨中毒，退了出来。希望这里没有庞大的蝙蝠群。 喀斯特溶洞主要是由地下水对石灰岩进行破坏作用而形成的。由于地下水对岩石的破坏以及岩石的崩塌，使得洞穴不断扩展。以后由于地面抬升或地下水水位降低，溶洞就干涸，并露出地表。 对于沿途出现的支洞，有深有浅，我和娟子只是简单看一看，并没深入。我俩一直顺着主通道前行，地势地貌比较明显，所以没做记。 洞道突然变的狭窄，有些地方需要侧身才能挤过。我和娟子身材都不胖，在这方面还是比较占优势。 脚下出现了很大的裂缝。这主要是由于地壳间断上升，使含水层节节下降，结果就形成了由垂直通道相连的重叠式的层状溶洞。如果我和娟子现在所处位置在第一层，那么下面就应该是第二层了。 下面大概能有近十米深。有一定的坡度，不属于垂直竖井。固定好绳索，我俩依次来到底部。 ([]
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骆文馨经过了2个小时的车程 （真够慢的！！！） 我们到达了 挪威 Narvik. 下了火车站，我们给EUROPE CAR公司的人打电话，让他把车开到车站，完了合同就可以开路了。 到了后我们都傻眼了，这两辆小屁车根本连行李也放不下啊！ 太坑爹了。 我们申请换车，出乎意料的，这个朋友直接就同意了，没有一点不开心， 所以我和另外一位司机坐着他的车开到了租车公司大本营。这是一个丰田公司估计和EUROPE CAR合作的， 我们选了两辆中型车，型号记不得了，总之9个人加10几件行礼都可以放进去。顺便说一句，Narvik 火车站有个 visitor 's centre, 里面有个美女前台，绝对算的上是天人级的。 突然间我对挪威的好印象加深了100倍！1. 北欧极光摄影之旅- 瑞典篇 （斯德哥尔摩）https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1944636-1-1.html2. 北欧极光摄影之旅-瑞典 （基律纳+ 阿比斯库）初遇极光 https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1949117-1-1.html4. 北极极光摄影之旅- 挪威 （阿尔塔 + 北角）北欧大陆的“最北端” https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1960333-1-1.html5. 北欧极光摄影之旅 - 格陵兰（努克的极光） https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1973832-1-1.html估计得开个3个多小时吧，当时还是下午，所以不出意外的话，傍晚前是能够从 “纳尔维克” 赶到 “特鲁姆索”的，一路上我们基本就是停停拍拍了。刚刚开出 纳尔维克 没5分钟就下起了太阳雨，峡湾上空的云被阳光打到以后都变红了，映出了很不寻常的景色。局部有阵雨！！！ 同学：“老师我拉稀了，想请两天假。” 老师：“讲话文明点！” 同学：“老师，我“菊部阵雨”想请两天假。”因为手动档我确实不是很熟练，所以做在了副驾驶的位置，拿起相机随便咔嚓几下吧。孤零零的一个小山包，还有雪覆盖在上面，看来前几天瑞典的雪就是挪威这飘过来的。挪威就是一个峡湾国家，路都是绕着峡湾走，偶尔也会上桥。木材也是挪威的一大资源！不过最大的还是石油。半道遇到堵车，心里想着不会耽误太久吧！北欧除了大城市内，想这些城间公路都很窄，也有限速，开起来很不爽。 唯一好的就是没什么车。太阳已经西下了，慢慢的，连晚霞也没有了。到了特鲁姆索已经是晚上8点钟了，我们住的是一家河边上的酒店， 名叫Clarion Collection Hotel With. 最后才知道这个酒店最大的特点就是，只要入住就包餐。 前台服务员在我办登记的时候还特意嘱咐我" breakfast, afternoon tea and light dinner are all included." 听得我都不信。房间在6楼的阁楼，旁边就是桑拿间。 哎，我一个孤单大老爷们享受这待遇真是白瞎了。 酒店前面就是河岸了，貌似从早上到中午，前面这些小鸭子就没离开过。我们本来打算在 特鲁姆索 观鲸的，来到 travel info centre 才知道，目前根本就是观鲸淡季，没有船愿意出海，而且看到鲸鱼连20%的几率都没有，跟别提鲸群了，看来我功课做糙了。实在没办法我只有问问城里还有什么好玩了，给出的答案就是看建筑和博物馆。 得了，那也只有如此了。HDR拍的，别问我为什么人有鬼影，这也是没办法的事啊。我发现每到一个城市，教堂一定是比较突出的。当地的图书馆，北欧人喜爱阅读，闲的时候就会捧着本书看。这边的狗都被训练的不会叫了，别管大小种类，都很乖。(
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魏信宏2012年，随菠逐雨蜜月骑行东南亚1万公里的故事感染、感动了很多人。其中最受感动的是菠萝的母亲。她阅读每一篇报道，看一篇就哭一场，她为自己的儿子、儿媳自豪，同时燃起她内心深处的向往：这样的生活也是她的梦想。 2012年12月21日，随菠逐雨将和菠萝母亲一起，三人驾驶一辆边三轮摩托车长途旅行，将家庭亲情与摩旅生活做一次完美的融合。https//video.sina.com.cn/v/b/86098311-1722023197.html新浪微博请关注@机车党小雨rain @行走的马可菠萝 @随菠逐雨行程12月21日 武汉出发（家母笔记：65楼）22日 昆明 （游记：59楼）23日 昆明24日 楚雄 25日 楚雄 （游记：82楼 家母笔记：96楼）26日 戛洒 （游记：172楼 家母笔记：203楼）27日 墨江 （家母笔记：213楼）28日 墨江29日 普洱 （游记：220楼）30日 西双版纳（游记：226楼）31日 西双版纳（小雨画作：269楼）1月1日 磨憨 （小雨画作：295楼）2日 琅南塔 （游记：333楼）3日 清孔4日 清莱 （游记：420楼）5日 清迈6日 清迈7日 夜丰颂府8日 夜丰颂府 （游记：436楼）9日 迈沙良 （攻略：452楼）10日 湄索11日 乌泰他尼12日 北碧13日 北碧14日 北碧15日 春武里16日-29日 象岛家有吉祥三宝：大宝——KTM 640ADV 二宝——KAWASAKI ZX6R 新添小宝——JH600B。小宝这货即将伴随我、母亲、@机车党小雨Rain 一起踏上2012.12.21南行之旅。因为新入手，操控没有完全适应，又害怕又兴奋，i feel goooooooood~高雪原（高君） 笔名：马可菠萝自2005年正式进入摩托车圈；2006年起担任摩托吧旅行版版主；2009年担任1985年创刊的《摩托车》杂志执行主编；2011年任新蜂女子摩托车队探越丝绸之路活动总指挥。累计发表文字作品达30余万字，摄影作品千余幅。驾驶经验： 2005年单人骑行，驾驶XF90型摩托车，北京-新疆喀什-库尔勒，全程7000余公里。2007年单人骑行，驾驶EN125型摩托车，北京-拉萨-北京，全程8000余公里。2010年三人骑行，驾驶BMW F650GS Dakar型摩托车，成都-西藏樟木县-格尔木，全程6000余公里。2010年两人骑行，驾驶DuCATi Monster 696型摩托车，北京-新疆喀什，全程7000余公里。2011年单人骑行，驾驶LD450型摩托车，北京-锡林郭勒草原-呼伦贝尔草原，全程5000余公里。 2012年双人骑行，驾驶BENELLI600GS型摩托车，武汉-东南亚，全程1万余公里。小雨笔名：机车党小雨rain 介绍：任职街舞编导6年。驾驶经验：2011年团队骑行，驾驶WH150型摩托车，嘉峪关-喀什，全程4500公里。 2012年双人骑行，驾驶钱江龙150型摩托车，武汉-东南亚，全程1万余公里。随菠逐雨 我打小喜欢摩托车，很大程度受母亲的影响。 依照今天的准来看，母亲是当时镇子上唯一一位女骑士。镇子上的人经常可以看到一袭白衣白盔的女骑士驾驶一辆红色125排量摩托车，呼啸而过，这便是我的母亲。几乎所有的汽车、摩托车路过母亲身边时，都会不住回头留恋地张望。 我像大多数少年一样，也偷骑过家里的摩托车，后来被母亲发现，因为担心我的安全，才不得已将车子转让。 我一直认为母亲骨子里的闯劲要强于我，我后来的坚持行走和母亲对我精神上的影响密不可分。母亲上了年纪以后，更萌生了一些闯荡的想法，比如徒步西藏。她想了，便开始准备，之后的半个月中，她两次徒步往返30公里以外的外婆家。我看她认准了要做这事，于是积极帮她准备户外旅行用品。她也将我中学骑过的自行车翻出来维修保养，骑行锻炼。 外婆和母亲的妹妹说母亲疯了，反对她的一意孤行。而继父也不愿意和母亲结伴同行，导致家庭气氛一度乌云笼罩。母亲很难过，我更替母亲难过，一个人想实现自己的理想，要遭受如此多的阻力。 母亲很喜欢我的那些摩托车，我骑过的她都很喜欢。她不会上网，就用手机拍下这些车子的照片存着一个人的时候默默地看。她最喜欢我的BMW 650GS Dakar，她总和别人形容，我儿子骑宝马，那个车子如何如何威猛。 我这几年的行走，大多是自私的痛快，钱够生活了，就偷溜出去透气。2012年春，有了我和雨的蜜月骑行之旅，我深刻意识到，旅行是快乐的，而家人应该分享这种快乐。2012年12月21日，传说中的世界末日，不去管它真或者假，我只想带上生命中最重要的两个女人雨和母亲一起旅行，无论生死，在一起就好，在路上就好，圆梦就好。 感谢潘修环先生，让我的梦想有机会成为现实。https//www.whtv.com.cn/whtv_dslm/tv1/b/z/201209/t20120919_321202.shtml关于随菠逐雨的一则采访 从北京八一制片厂录制湖北卫视的综艺节目归来，开始出发前的准备。这个环节就像上班时的例会，要说的、做的还是那几件事，但却又非说非做不可。 我接手的是一台嘉陵的企业展示车。这台车平时是用来做企业文化宣传、展示、路演的，后来要卖，但武汉车友无人问津，所以被搁置在嘉陵仓库里落了厚厚一层灰。车子实际里程数非常少，而且性能调校很不错，只是外观有几处磕碰，局部保养不周有些起锈。 以一台JH600A的价格获得了这台JH600B，我觉得还是值得的。我准备把它稍事打扮，随我、小雨和家母去远行。接手这台车属于权宜之计，因为母亲的首次长途旅行，我不想让她骑行；而一年两次长途骑行，对于雨的身体消耗又实在很大，思索再三，我决定选择JH600B作为此次旅行的座驾，我们一家三口同乘一部车子，有说有笑、其乐融融，想必也是非常美好的。 接手JH600B之前有些担心行李空间不足，等真正见到它时，所有的担心就烟消云散了。JH600B座椅后部的行李空间实在很大，放一个人进去都并非难事。 今天把车辆送去兄弟的专业汽车美容店进行外观保养，并在边斗中铺设汽车使用的地胶，隔音，耐磨。同时网购了GPS电源插口改装件以及3条全新轮胎，等这些配件到后，再做整车的保养（包括机油、机滤、冷却液更换；链条、牙盘维护；更换进口电瓶等）。八一制片厂内，和节目中的4位“妻子”合影。“人生是如此的辉煌，生命是如此的精彩”，和延参法师聊生活、聊机车、聊女人产生要带母亲一起去旅行的想法源自她的一条短信。 2012年8月20日今天感觉好多了！记得平生还是第一次感冒、发烧，病得如此重。连续三天高烧39°，还好昨天早上体温降到37.7°，今天体温终于正常了。我的身体一直都挺好，不太容易感冒更不会发烧，这次的情况可能是因为年纪大了吧。人要是患了病就像垒不起的一滩烂泥，眼睛都不愿睁更别谈想做事了，就连想想都觉得难，咳，什么也干不了。哈！现在好多了真的要好好想想我要做的事：我想把徒步西藏计划提前一步，在明年开春我生日那天出发（4月3日），是否对生命存在的思索有更深层的意义？不知老伴是否也愿意陪伴我一起同行，如果不愿意我也不会怪他，我能想象的到这么久的路程要走到何时，路上有多少艰辛和困难在等着。还有很多想象不到的难，谁也无法预料这么久的路程都会发生些什么，到那时都必须要去面对。所以老伴愿意陪伴是求之不得，皆大欢喜；不愿意也是情理之中，那么就有我自己去挑战，我是不会给自己打退堂鼓的。儿子，替我多多谢谢那些关注和关心我的圈里人，我不会让他们失望更不会让自己失望。还有一段时间我可以做些准备，这是我给予自己的一次最高峰的生命之旅。 母亲这条短信深深感动了我。她病得最重的时候没有告诉我，而自己抗过了痛苦把迎接希望的信心带给了我。她是一个经历过太多磨难但仍然有梦想的人，她在实现梦想的过程中阻力重重，而我要做的就是帮她克服这些困难，勇敢去追求梦想。今年初的东南亚之旅，使用了米雅贡嘎的大型防水袋，感觉防水效果和扩展容量都非常满意。所以在淘宝上又购置了两只，满足我、母亲、小雨的随身物品存放。国内可以买到的女款摩托车车服实在不多，几经周折才找到MOTO-GIRL品牌的女款车服两件。粉色小雨，黑色母亲。同款异色，两人搭配起来应该非常好看。 经过《户外探险》杂志的介绍，今年3月我开始与专业户外品牌kailas进行合作。2012年东南亚蜜月之旅，KAILAS提供给我和小雨宿营装备（帐篷、睡袋）以及户外情侣装、软甲冲锋衣等产品进行试用。KAILAS的VIVI小姐亲自为我和小雨挑选每一件情侣装，用她的话说，她觉得自己在为我们挑选嫁妆。让我非常感动。 这次为母亲圆梦的长途骑行活动，再度受到KAILAS的支持，VIVI小姐为我、小雨、母亲准备了一箱户外装备，今天快递到家中。 我不是高帅富，我是穷屌丝。KAILAS的产品我是消费不起的，但我却有幸能用得上这样专业、时尚的户外产品。感谢KAILAS的慷慨，感谢VIVI的体贴，感谢所有朋友的支持。世界末日，我为大家祈福。 武汉武昌有一条又窄又乱的巷子，里面隐着三位“技术型宅男”。一位是进口车维修技艺高超，拆各色发动机如探囊取物的聂权聂师傅；一位是弯管焊接，制作的护杠媲美进口原装的二伟师傅；还有一位精通KTM，刷电脑搞改装，拥有完美KTM 990SMT的胡炯胡师傅。我车子碰到的大部分问都会找这三位“技术型宅男”解决。 这次也不例外。JH600B就在这条又窄又乱的巷子获得新生。 新款的JH600B应该表头位置已经安装了车载电源插头，我这款还是需要自己动手改装。这次出行使用的GPS仍然是服役了3年的Garmin 400T。 上午电话给嘉陵武汉的负责人，得知发票和合格证刚刚办好，应该下午会发快递给我，这样看来，上牌照至少要推迟到下周一（17日）了。 武汉市区目前摩托车牌照无法办理，只能考虑武汉郊区。近郊纸坊区只接受本区居民办理车辆上户。下午把小雨的身份证变更到武汉郊区，临时身份证也要周二下午（18日）才可以拿到。 嘉陵JH600B的轮胎是建大轮胎专供，三轮可以互换，型号是4.10-18 75P，与普通2轮摩托车的轮胎不通用。淘宝上的价格接近400元一条。米其林、普利司通、倍耐力都没有同型号侉子适用轮胎，说明嘉陵600B与建大轮胎是战略性合作，国产品牌的强强联手。 更换全新的4.10-18 75P绝对是个体力+技术活。“技术宅男“聂权聂师傅歇了三口气，抽了4根烟，花了近2个小时才把3条全新轮胎更换完毕。建大的此款轮胎花纹深、胎质饱满，触感偏硬，是为复杂路况、长距离穿越设计的轮胎。我预估此轮胎正常负荷使用，应该可以连续行驶10000公里以上，等待事实验证了。 母亲原计划17日下午的航班。结果飞机故障，推迟到18日早飞武汉。我电话母亲说，如果真是20、21日的航班，还真不放心让她乘飞机过来。 目前遇到些麻烦。JH600B武汉全市无法上牌，只能去咸宁办理，代办人员说要10天左右。等不及，准备将车运至云南楚雄，结果物流又碰到麻烦，德邦、天地华宇、中铁都不受理。佳吉受理了，但只能运至昆明，且要价过高，仅打箱和运费就近3000元。 考虑从武汉骑车过去。但母亲年前需要回家陪外婆过年，这样国外旅行的时间就被压缩。 要想一个办法才行。 办法总比困难多，对此，我坚信不疑。 当我获知佳吉快运武汉至昆明收费近3000元时，我开始考虑接受最坏的结果：从武汉一路骑至云南。最大的问首先是车辆没有合法手续，任何一次交通检查都有可能终止我们期待已久的旅行。其次这个季节行驶在中国中部地区，赶上恶劣天气，身体承受的痛苦绝对够骂自己一万次SB。还有国内路程过长，我不得不压缩东南亚的行程，这对于将首次跨出国门的母亲来说，绝对是很大的遗憾。 午饭后，天气放晴，我觉得自己需要再出去碰碰运气。从网上获知大型的物流市场都集中在武汉汉阳区，距离我的居所几十公里，于是驾驶JH600B向汉阳走。我是外地人，对武汉不熟，对汉阳更加陌生，一路走一路问，经过了十几个路口，擦身几十位交警。今天的汉阳也不知道发生了什么情况，交警扎堆，每过一个路口就有4,5位警察叔叔。我心提到嗓子眼，但只能故作镇定，以正常偏慢的速度向前行驶。速度不敢提，怕交警认为咱做贼心虚，在下一个路口截堵，JH600B这车想逃还真是难度不小。 人品一路爆发，支持我从居所顺利开至物流中心区。前后走了三个物流中心，最终找到一家做云南专线的三志物流公司。老板是个小伙子，瘦高、很精神，读高中的时候也是个摩托车爱好者。JH600B不打箱直接运输，省去打箱费用。我听他详细描述完车子如何用叉车送到货车上，用什么样的箱子进行隔离、保护工作，才放心不少，交了运输费用，打车回府。 网购了21号去云南的火车票，世界末日，我们就要出发了。 从云南可以陆路入境的国家有三个：越南、老挝、缅甸。 越南允许携带自行车进入，对于摩托车的政策不是非常清楚，有车友成功从老挝进入云南，但大部分被挡在国门之外。老挝允许携带摩托车入境，目前磨憨-磨丁口岸基本是国内车友自驾去东南亚的唯一通道。缅甸的政策比较特殊，瑞丽口岸可以深入到缅甸境内，而其它几个口岸只能在距离边境线几十公里范围内活动。瑞丽口岸不允许携带任何交通工具，只能乘坐旅行社巴士前往曼德勒以南。 老挝和泰国都可以落地，但问是从磨憨出境，如果没有老挝的证，中国方面可能不允许出境。但从泰国清孔返回老挝会晒口岸时，是可以入境老挝再办理证的。我是昨天晚上才大概了解这些信息，所以打消了去磨丁口岸办理老挝落地的念想。网上联系了一家昆明的旅行社，老挝和泰国证大概需要5个工作日。计划抵达昆明后将护照委托旅行社去办理，然后快递至西双版纳。而我们则前往楚雄办理车辆落户，之后去西双版纳等待护照到手。[摘自母亲笔记]2012.12.17 我期待已久的时刻终于来临。 今天我早早起床了，天气真的很冷，但很晴朗。我带着一颗火一样的心愉快地踏上我梦寐以求的旅程。 来到候机大厅准备换登机牌，可怎么也想不到，当我把身份证递给前台服务小姐，得到的不是登机牌而是一盆冷水：这次航班由于飞机故障还没有从武汉机场起飞。 她哪里知道我的心情？你想象得出狼吞虎咽时被突然卡住了喉咙的样子么？我张着大嘴瞪着眼睛望着她，像傻子一样愣在那里。服务小姐也盯着我看，又重复了一遍刚才的话，我才缓过神来。 天哪，这温度降得也太快了，真的一点准备都没有。我从高空一下给摔到谷底，不知所措。[摘自母亲笔记]2012.12.17 我期待已久的时刻终于来临。 今天我早早起床了，天气真的很冷，但很晴朗。我带着一颗火一样的心愉快地踏上我梦寐以求的旅程。 来到候机大厅准备换登机牌，可怎么也想不到，当我把身份证递给前台服务小姐，得到的不是登机牌而是一盆冷水：这次航班由于飞机故障还没有从武汉机场起飞。 她哪里知道我的心情？你想象得出狼吞虎咽时被突然卡住了喉咙的样子么？我张着大嘴瞪着眼睛望着她，像傻子一样愣在那里。服务小姐也盯着我看，又重复了一遍刚才的话，我才缓过神来。 天哪，这温度降得也太快了，真的一点准备都没有。我从高空一下给摔到谷底，不知所措。 赛羽北京总代，雨田专卖的兄弟知道我的拉力服裤子以及靴子在2010年骑BMW 650GS DAKAR过唐古拉山口摔车时毁掉，友情支持我这穷屌丝裤子一条、靴子一双以及手套两双。 裤子很给力，穿着合身、款式很好，但靴子尺码偏小一些。看来我是没有这个福气穿了，小雨的鞋柜上又多了一宝。([]
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杨俊龙洛阳，一座有着5000多年文明史、4000年的建城史和1500多年的建都史的古城，是华夏文明的发源地和中华民族的发祥地之一。而洛阳又因牡丹闻名于世，被世人誉为“千年帝都，牡丹花城”。在牡丹花盛开的日子里，我独行洛阳，去造访这座千年都城并欣赏我国著名的国花。4月10日晚，乘坐K419次列车，经过6个半小时的车程，与次日清晨558，我到达了洛阳。按照事先做好的功课，车到洛阳站后，出站后直接去公交站台乘坐801公交，上车直达龙门石窟。 龙门石窟位于洛阳市南郊龙门峡谷东西两崖的峭壁间。因为这里东、西两山对峙，伊水从中流过，看上去宛若门厥，所以又被称为“伊厥”，唐代以后，多称其为“龙门”。 这里地处交通要冲，山清水秀，气候宜人，是文人墨客的观游胜地。又因为龙门石窟所在的岩体石质优良，宜于雕刻，所以古人选择此处开凿石窟。 龙门石窟是中国石刻艺术宝库之一，国家AAAAA级景区。2000年被联合国科教文组织列为世界文化遗产。 两山之间的伊水让洛阳这座古城尽显了灵秀之气。 龙门石窟位是中国石刻艺术宝库之一，世界文化遗产、是中国四大石窟之一。龙门石窟与甘肃敦煌莫高窟、山西大同云冈石窟并称为“中国三大石刻艺术宝库”。 石窟始凿于北魏孝文帝时（公元471～477年），历经400余年才建成，迄今已有1500年的历史，龙门石窟南北长约1公里，现存石窟1300多个，窟龛2345个，记和碑刻3600余品，佛塔50余座，佛像97000余尊。 最大的佛像高达17.14米，最小的仅有2厘米。其中以宾阳中洞、奉先寺和古阳洞最具有代表性。 宾阳中洞是北魏时期（公元386～512年）的代表性作品。这个洞窟前后用了24年才建成，是开凿时间最长的一个洞窟。洞内有11尊大佛像。主像释迦牟尼像，面部清秀，神情自然，堪称北魏中期石雕艺术的杰作。主像座前刻有两只姿态雄健的石狮。左右侍立二弟子，二菩萨，菩萨像含笑凝眸，温柔敦厚。洞中还雕刻着众菩萨，弟子听法的浮雕像，栩栩如生。窟顶飞天仙子的刻画也十分传神。 宾阳中洞是北魏时期代表性的洞窟。“宾阳”意为迎接出生的太阳。宾阳三洞开凿于北魏时期，是北魏的宣武帝为他父亲孝文帝做功德而建。它开工于公元500年，历时24年，用工达80万2366个，后因为发生宫廷政变以及主持人刘腾病故等原因，计划中的三所洞窟（宾阳中洞、南洞、北洞）仅完成了一所即宾阳中洞，南洞和北洞都是到初唐才完成了主要造像。宾阳中洞内为马蹄形平面，穹窿顶，中央雕刻重瓣大莲花构成的莲花宝盖，莲花周围是八个伎乐天和两个供养天人。它们衣带飘扬，迎风翱翔在莲花宝盖周围，姿态优美动人。洞内为三世佛材，即过去、现在、未来三世佛。主佛为释迦牟尼。他是佛教的创始人，原名叫乔达摩·悉达多，原是古印度净饭王的儿子。他和中国的孔子生活在同一时代，比孔子要年长12岁。他在29岁时出家修行，经过六年，悟道成佛，创立了佛教。由于北魏时期崇尚以瘦为美，所以主佛释迦牟尼面颊清瘦，脖颈细长，体态修长。衣纹密集，雕刻手法采用的是北魏的平直刀法。由于北魏孝文帝迁都洛阳后实行了一系列的汉化政策，所以洞中主佛的服饰一改云冈石窟佛像那种偏袒右肩式袈裟，而身着宽袍大袖袈裟。释迦牟尼所有侍立二弟子、二菩萨。二菩萨含睇若笑，文雅敦厚。左右壁还各有造像一铺，都是一佛、二菩萨，着褒衣博带袈裟，立于覆莲座上。洞中前壁南北两侧，自上而下有四层精美的浮雕。第一层是以《维摩诘经》故事为材的浮雕，叫做“维摩变”。第二层是两则佛本生故事。第三层为著名的帝后礼佛图。第四层为“十神王”浮雕像。特别是位于第三层的帝后礼佛图，它们反映了宫廷的佛事活动，刻划出了佛教徒虔诚、严肃、宁静的心境，造型准确，制作精美，代表了当时生活风俗画的高度发展水平，具有重要的艺术价值和历史价值。非常可惜的是，在上个世纪的三、四十年代被盗往国外了，现在分别陈列在美国纽约大都会博物馆和美国堪萨斯州纳尔逊艺术博物馆。 “剪刀手”卖萌佛祖在宾阳中洞石窟，有一尊历经千年风霜的佛像，手势神似“剪刀手”。剪刀手佛像是在向游人卖萌，在提醒大家保护文物，还是想说点什么？有网友评论：四百年前的艺术大师们好有远见，知道在四百年后剪刀手肯定会风靡全球。 《伊阙佛龛之碑》亦称"褚遂良碑"。篆额《伊阙佛龛之碑》。贞观十五年(公元641年)刻于河南省洛阳龙门石窟壁宾阳洞内。 这里因伊水东西两岸之香山和龙门山对峙如天然门阙，故古称“伊阙”，隋唐以后，习称龙门。《伊阙佛龛之碑》通高约5.00米、宽1.90米。由中书侍郎岑文本撰文，谏议大夫褚遂良书。字共三十二行，满行五十一字。计一千六百余字。碑文主要记述唐太宗第四子魏王李泰为其母文德皇后长孙氏死后做功德而开凿，太宗末年李泰与太子李承乾争夺太子位，李泰借为母亲开窟造像做功德，实有获得太宗好感，为自已捞取政治资本的目的。这通碑原应为北魏所雕的宾阳中洞的造窟碑，到了唐代李泰为节省费用，竟就势磨去原有碑文，又重新雕刻成唐碑的。 关于该碑的记载，始见于宋嘉祐六年(公元1061年)欧阳修之《集古录》及赵明诚之《金石录》。《伊阙佛龛之碑》是早期传世褚书的代表作。为目前国内所见褚遂良楷书之最大者，字体清秀端庄，宽博古质,是准的初唐楷书。此碑虽说是碑，实际上却是摩崖刻石。两者功用相同，都是为歌功颂的。但在创作时条件不同，一个是光平如镜，而另一个则是凹凸不平，书写的环境也不会那么优游自在。于是，摩崖书法的特征也就不言而喻。因无法近观与精雕细琢，于是便在气势上极力铺张，字形比碑志大得多，舒卷自如，开张跌宕。正是在这一点上，像汉代的《石门颂》、《郙阁颂》、《西峡颂》，它们气度之开张，韵致之飞扬，自然拙朴，即使是如《礼器碑》、《乙瑛碑》、《史晨碑》等真正的碑志精品也无法比拟，褚遂良的《伊阙佛龛碑》，正是这样一种典型的摩崖书风。传世墨拓以明代何良俊清森阁旧藏明初拓本为最佳，拓工精致、字口如新；比《金石萃编》所载犹多五十余字，曾经清代毕泷、沈志达、费念慈等递藏，现藏北京图书馆。有影印本行世。 魏窟――公元495年魏宗室丘慧成开始在龙门山开凿古阳洞，500--523年魏宣武帝、魏孝明帝连续开凿宾阳洞的北中南三个大石窟，石阳洞和宾阳洞的修建共费人工80万以上，还开凿了药方洞和东魏时开凿的莲花洞等石窟。北朝石窟都在龙门山，古阳洞自慧成至东魏末50多年的营造，表现出列多的中国艺术形式，大佛姿态也由云岗石窟的雄健可畏转变为龙门石窟的温和可亲。以宾阳中洞主佛为代表的佛像，人物面部含着微笑，龙门石窟比云岗石窟表现出更多的中国艺术佛像。龙门石窟还保留有大量的宗教、美术、书法、音乐、服饰、医药、建筑和中外交通等方面的实物史料。因此，它又是一座大型的石刻艺术博物馆。 只可惜龙门石窟遭受的破坏要比云冈石窟大得多，绝大多数佛像都不存在或者是残缺不全的了。 ([
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张雅茹Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangMr YANG Liusong, a Chinese who just finished the first solo traverse over Chang Tang by cycling from west to east in recorded human history, shared his stunning Expedition with all of us through the forum 8264 https//bbs.8264.com/thread-512349-1-1.html . In order to share his legendary journey with those who cannot read Chinese, I translate his story to English here, which has been approved by Mr YANG Liusong. Hope you guys enjoy it.为了让杨同学的传奇能让全世界的驴友分享，俺决定把杨同学的帖子翻译成英文。为了避免麻烦，俺先来个免责声明：1。杨同学不认识俺，也没有授权俺，如果他说不要翻译了那俺就随时终止；2。俺没有商业目的，译版版权归杨同学，俺啥也不要，也不承担法律责任；3。没有杨同学授权，不敢擅自发在国外网站，发在原帖处，荣誉归8264；4。俺英语水平有限，欢迎指正，欢迎转贴。 Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangBy Yang LiusongIt has been three months since I traversed the unpopulated region in the Great Chang Tang. There are many like-minded asking me about it. I now present this thread to briefly tell everybody about my journey.The starting point of this traverse was from the highest peak of the western part of the Tibetan plateau, Jieshan Daban, and the day was April 20, 2010.I was heading eastward passing Bungdag Co, Yanghu Co, Rola Co, and Kangzhagri Mountain, which crossed over the desolate region from west to east. The journey continued northward to enter the unpopulated area of Altun Mountains, through Hoh Xil Mountains, Kunlun Mountains, Whale lake, ..., finally met some people by the Aqqikkol Hu and then arrived in Huatugou by vehicle three days later and that day was July 5. It had been 77 days in total. I had been all alone 74 days after leaving Jieshan Daban until arriving inAqqikkol Hu, which was about 1400km and about four months.[The Great Chang Tang] In Tibetan, "Chang Tang" means northern empty wilderness while narrowly, means unpopulated region in northern part of Tibet. However, it actually indiCATes all of the no man's land in northern. The great Chang Tang includes desolate places in Northern Tibet, Hoh Xil, Alun Mountains, and Kunlun Mountains, which are interconnected to form the unique and super empty wilderness in the world. Only because Hoh Xil is the most known name, most people just think this vast land is equivalent to Hoh Xil. In reality, Hoh Xil is only a small piece of the Great Chang Tang both administratively and geologically. The Great Chang Tang, the last land to chase your freedom and dream.The route that I traversed ForeplayI arrived in Tibet in the early March, a couple of troubles bothered me. The brand new plug got its positive and negative wrongly connected; the rivets of my rucksack eASIly got broken from now and again; and a multi-functional charger got damaged and so on. Riding my bike to Ngari for warming up of this journey, lost my rucksack but later got it back; lost my camera bag and got it back later again, and finally lost a big bicycle pannier in the street of Gyangze town under the eyes of police, including clothes, solar panel and so on.Without much choice, I returned to Lhasa to adjust all the stuff I would need in the wilderness. Then I begged some luck by going to Nyingchi to enjoy the blossoms of peach trees and to take a hot spring bath. I even had the privilege to enjoy time with ten girls in the hot spring. I felt my bad luck had all gone and then returned to Lhasa again to prepare going to Ngari. I did not expect that I was cheated on by some hustler and lost some money and delayed my schedule for a week. I had to find a car myself quickly to Nagri. However, I lost the tool for fast-parting my rear wheel on my way to Nagri, where was a remote area in Tibet and nowhere to buy the tool. Even if there was one in Lhasa it would take at least ten days for a special delivery service. I was lucky that my mate Duola asked a driver to bring the tool for me from Lhasa. I thought there should be no more nightmare like this but the nozzle of my brand new multi-fuel stove was broken. The next day I tried everywhere to weld them back together. The first three shops could not do the welding for copper. The fourth one said they could do it but could not guarantee a sUCCess. The engineer said it would be ten Chinese yuans if it was a success. I agreed. Just in seconds, my nozzle became crap in a flash of lightening. I was so upset. Again, Duola helped me by bringing her own MSR oil stove and Dingding's sleeping bag to Nagri. That was already April 16 and I did not have much time to waste. The following day I found a vehicle heading to Jieshan Daban.The sand storm over Yarlung Zangbo RiverA lonely peach tree blossoming in Yarlung Zangbo Grand CanyonNatural hot spring in wild, me singing and drinking (photo by a friend of mine) Day 1(April 20), 16km, Camping 5192mIt was a truck with a full load of iron wastes, arriving in Jieshan Daban at 6'o clock in the morning. It was still night and extremely cold and dark. Driver was not bothered to pop his head out of the driving cab. I climbed up on the top of the iron wastes, taking my bicycle down. In a hurry, I punched my old water bag. Fortunately I had another MSR water bag given by a friend of mine otherwise I would definitely fail without even starting my journey. For the first time for me to set up the brand new tent in strong, cold winds. It would be impossible to do so if the tent was not a whole piece. Extremely cold outside, about -15C, might be lower than that, I put my head into the sleeping bag but was nearly suffocated to death, honestly. The smell of Dingding's sleeping bag was, lol, so extraordinary. I woke up around 11 o'clock. There were still strong winds outside so that I had to use my bodyweight to keep the tent in place. At the time when I just started to cook and eat, four patrolling soldiers approached me. To their surprise someone, in this season, camped in Jieshan Daban. I was so nervous and afraid they were the people to block my journey because I was caught and deported from the desolate land last year. Luckily the four soldiers did not know my destination and were very kind to me. After they left, I immediately packed my stuff and pushed my bike into the depths of the unpopulated area just in case anything unexpected happened.The bike was very heavy due to the provisions and hard to control. There was even a quite small hill that I had to remove my bike panniers to get over it. This really struck me because this happened even the path was still the hardship one at the moment and I could not imagine what I would do once I entered the uncertain, endless wilderness. Until now I had not met anyone, even the nomadic pastoralists. I remembered there were quite a few of them roaming at the edge of the northern Tibetan plateau last year. All of these indicated it was not the good pasture season in such low temperature and strong winds. Around 16km there was a sheep cote, where I passed it last year, east of Lungmu Co. I was exhausted at this point so that I decided to camp in here and to rest my head. After arranging tent everything I went out to look for the wetland discovered by Duola and Liumeng last year. I was determined to find it.There were many hot springs in the wetland which were underground water with a constant temperature. The wetland therefore became an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such harsh weather, which was the very unique land feature of terrain in this over 5200m highland.Perpetual snow in the valley blown to corn shape by strong windsThis wetland was discovered by Duola and Liumeng. The workers at a nearby mine did not know it and I too missed it last yearUnderground water with a constant temperature, an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such icy weather 感谢大伙儿支持和加分，不一一回复了。特别感谢多啦，希望能有机会一起喝酒吃肉。 Day 2 (April 21), 0km, Camping5192mBlustering gale all night, up and down like ocean waves. The next day rather than continuing to travel, I stayed inside the sheep cote, hesitating and pondering over. Indeed, there were so many problems before this journey;I did not have sufficient physical preparation;the load had already reached its limitation; I still coughed a lot;the weather was so extreme and cold. All in all, I did not think this journey was well prepared and I did not have confidence in completing this journey mentally and physically. To do, or not to do, it was the question. Similarly I did not have confidence in my facilities, not knowing whether all of them would work functionally or not. The fact was one of the rivets got broken again and the front rack came loose. In the afternoon, I replaced all the rivets of the panniers with screws I had prepared before. This was an excellent job I had done which gave me no further troubles throughout my whole journey. I also re-adjusted the front rack. However I did not think it would definitely all right because I did not have a tool to do it. When the darkness descended,I made up my mind to continue my journey, which, of course, was not beyond any imagination. Orchid-like weedsSmall springs everywhere, clear and chillyA thin layer of ice covering the fresh spring water The sheep cote, it was the door under the sleeping bag, which was in the same place as last year, everything looked like yesterdayThe wetland at duskLungmu Co at dusk. You could hear the gigantic sound of wind if the picture had a sound Day 3 (April 22), 52.4km, Camping 5145mGot up in the morning, could not put everything into the bags. Without much choice I had to throw away three portions of tsampa, elbow pads, and crampons. Following the road of the lead-zinicmine I found the side path to enter the wilderness, which was on the riverbed and very hard to see. I missed this side path last year so that I had to take a short cut into the wilderness directly then. That was why I had taken extra care to find the side path. The following journey was to get over a big hill, which lay 5275m above sea level and was the highest point of my whole journey. Around 2 o'clock in the afternoon, I passed the side path leading to Orba Co and started a journey which was complete strange to me. I ate a piece of pilot breads, which was frozen like rocks so that I had to use my spade to crush it. At 6 o'clock in the evening, I had pushed plus rode my bicycle for about 32 km. I reckoned I should have been able to double this if I did no carry such heavy load. The wind became stronger and stronger. I opened the parasail kits and tested it. The result was far beyond what I expected. With the aid of the strong wind I was just like flying over the wilderness. After 8 o'clock in the evening, I started to observe the water Source and to get ready to camp. Map showed there were successive springs along the path and assembled to puddles. But I had overestimated the water source here in this land and in this season there were endless wilderness inside the valley, where I could not see a single drop of water. As it became darker and darker, I felt a little bit nervous which resulted in three spokes of the parasail broken and became a useless rubbish. Anyway, it helped me to move forward 20km more which benefited me a lot later on. When time approached 9.30 pm, it was almost completely dark. I had to lie my bike on the ground and went on to try to find water on the north side of the valley. This was a wide and flat sandy land, where I could not see any ditches there and further was complete darkness. I returned to get my GPS to look up the contours and found the south part of the valley was closer to a hill so I took the way. Finally I found a piece of ice in a ditch. I smashed about 20litre of ice. The ice was quite shallow scattered with sheep poo. On my way back, my eyes were hurt by strong winds, which got me a couple of days to recover. It was nearly 23 o'clock after I set up the tent. It also took about 40 mins to melt the ice. I was so tired and my appetite was completely spoiled. I then had a little bit of milk. I had never expected thing would go like this, it was so distressing. Streams along the path, ice everywhereThe river flew into Matou Hu, in whose north part there was a satellite lake, a wonderful ice-skating court It took 40mins to melt the ice in midnight Day 4 (April 23), 31km, Camping 5028mA cloudy day with gusts. From now and again, hails chased me from behind. Sunny spell. Heavy sandy land made me have to push my bike. At 3pm, I arrived at Luxing Hu, where there was a house made of clay. This was the last permanent building of my journey. Last year, Duola and Liumeng once lived in this house for three days without meeting anybody. It seemed it was the same but the truck parking in front of the house made me worry about. I went to the sheep cote first to check over, where there were only a few lambs following me everywhere I went later on. This made me feel warm in my heart. I observed farther places using my binoculars but could not see any people or sheeps. After making sure there were no people around I opened the locked door using a screwdriver. The living room was very clean. There were two boxes of beverages on the ground and a string of cured lamb legs hanging over in the interior room. A pot of water was on the top of the stove, lukewarm, which indicated the host must be not far away from his home. I filled up my water bag and left the house. I also put the screws back to the door in order not to leave any trace of my visiting. I then took a spanner from the toolbox of the truck, which gave me great help for the rest of the journey.I left the house as quickly as possible. After last year's experience, the nomadic pastoralists were the last people I wanted to meet. A few hundred meters away from the house, the vehicle traces were fading fast. Even downhill, I had to push rather than to ride because of the heavy loose sand. From the route point of view, only after Luxing Hu it was the real unpopulated land. After many days, I thought of the lamb legs from time to time. It was pity that I then had plenty of provisions and the bike was too heavy to carry anything more. Continue to melt the ice under the morning sunshine, all of the sheep poo had been removed carefullyCamping site, the little hill over there was the place where I got the ice last nightThe house by the Luxing Hu, empty, the last permanent building I saw throughout my journeyDay 5 (April 24), 19.8km, Camping 4951mSet off at 10.30 in the morning, the weather was similar to yesterday. Probably this road was the high plain or somewhere the wind passed so that it was so windy. The average wind speed was degree 6 but could reach degree 9 in the blick of an eye. The road was still full of sand and very heavy to walk on it. My eyes became worse under such harsh weather. About three o'clock in the afternoon, I saw something in my right, looked like antenna. I went closer to see what it was and found out it was an iron tower (the triangulation station). In 1970s, a joint team from Chinese three military regiments entered this area doing research. They have left a lot of triangulation stations and benchmarks, which I had the priviledge to see them today.At dusk, I approached to a spring by the Bungdag Co, which flew into the frozon lake. The sand and soil, brought by the strong wind, scattered on the surface of the ice all over the lake. There were so many cracks around the icey surface of the lake. I geussed it must be caused by the springs under the water rather than by melted ice. In the west of the Bungdag Co was the side path leading to Keriya Pass, where a SUV could reach directly. I had looked out any vehicle Tracks but failed. The cloudy sky started to snow. I set up the tent comfortably because I knew that I was safe having such a sweet spring beside me.Triangulation station erected by scientists from the joint research team on Chang Tang of three military regiments in 1971[size=+0]The gap between water and ice in Bungdag Co, I guessed there must be some springs under the lakeThe storm just above the ground, a chaotic darkness[size=+0]Icy Bungdag Co,one of the four biggest lakes in Northern Tibet, wild ducks flying over this vastness and lonenessSnowing at any time, should not happen so frequently like this in this seasonDay 6 (April 25), 4.3km, Camping 5002mWeathering landforms everywhere around this area. Spongy volcanic rocks could be found easily. I pushed my bike turning around a small hill, seeing a big river, the Yinshui He, flowing from Orba Co into Bungdag Co, which I had been to its upstream last year. It was also a passage for animal migration. The downstream of the river was extremely wide and broad. The thickess of the ice layer could reach one meter with the main stem in the middle course of the river, very deep. There were a few springs along the river, sweet and clear.I only went forward a little bit more than 4km but I had walked more than 20km for finding my way. It was not possible to cross the main stem, let alone the north bank of Bungdad Co. What I could only do was to try to find a shallow place to cross. But the southern area was a even larger piece of wetland and forced the road turn towards west. I spent a couple of hours but failed to find a good point to cross the river. In the afternoon, I decided to follow the edge of the wetland. When I reached the hill foot, the wetland finally disappeared. Around this area, there were clearly volcanic feature of terrain and I even found traces of pasturing and cairns made from volcanic rock.Here was the last pasturing trace I found throughout my journey, I guessed it was a summer pasture area. After this, there was no clear sign of human activities in this vast wilderness. I had been looking for my ways until it was dark. I made up my mind where to go TOMOrrow. The terrain here looked like Yardang landforms, as well as volcanic landforms The Yinshui He river from Orba CoSprings scattered all over the river bank, painted green by lovely algaeThe river was very deep. The mixture of green and amber colour showed the sand and mud carried by the melted iceThick layer of ice, sunken surface caused by strong gustsThe south course of the Yinshui He, countless small streams. To the right was the wetlandLooking for ways in the east, a trace of pasturing and the cairn made from spongy volcanic rocksMy camp, opposite to the hillDay 7 (April 26), 11km, Camping 5009mI moved forward to the direction I found yesterday, turning around the wetland and walking toward east. At 2pm, I was blocked by the zigzag Yinshui He again and I had no choice but to cross it. The river was about 700m wide, covered by ice which appeared very different. The hanging ice, the folding ice, the piling-up ice, the icy puddle, and the sleet were everywhere along the river bank. Having noticed all of these, I reckoned the river would be receding at dusk, which was why there were so many different shapes and forms of ice. I put my slipper on, going into the main stream of the river. I found there were at least three different courses of the river, the thickness of the surface ice varied and the river water reached above my knees. I sighed there would be no way back once I crossed this river. There are many ways in one's life too, you can only take it once and you will no long have the courage to repeat it.I pushed the bike crossing the river. Some of the ice was a bit soft, jamming the tyres so that I had to use my feet to break them first. Some of the ice was a bit thick but with half-melted underneath, sticking the the bike completely, some of the ice was half-water half-ice with a sandy riverbed, which was really hard to pass. I had to remove all of the panniers at the last stage of the crossing. I spent the whole four hours to cross the river, my legs got many bloody cuts. At 6pm, the surface ice was almost disappeared completely, the river level rapidly rising to a chaotic status. I thought if I hesitated a little bit at that time, I could not have the courage to cross this river under such circumstances. The river bank was unimaginably sandy and was quite steep. I had to unloaded the panniers again to reach the top of the bank. By the time of sunset, the weather became exceptionally good. The sunlight from the descending sun, the blue sky, the faint moon, .... I liked such a colorful and peaceful Chang Tang and very much enjoyed my camp and myself bathed in such beautiful colour.The ice like this was very thin and suspended, far away from the main stemHard surface with half-melted underneath, the soft sand at the botton was most scaryThe ice like this could easily jam the wheels, hard to get it outI had to unload the panniersChaotic water and terrible hails turned up in no timeThe Chang Tang at the moment liked it used to be,a mixture of cold and warm tones under the golden setting sun Day 8 (April 27), 14.6km, Camping 5112mLast night, I forgot to bring in the odometer, which was out of order due to the coldness in midnight. Since then I used GPS to check the mileage. The digital thermometer was no longer working. I had to use mercury thermometer to collect data. Night temperatures were basically between –15℃—–20℃ while the temperature inside my tent was about –10℃. The advantage of the integrated tent was that it limited the ventilation so to keep warm inside. However, it got clearly disadvantage of heavy condensation and dew. Every morning, there was plenty of frost inside the tent so that I had to put my hood on First Before fully getting dressed. The winds in Chang Tang finally became consistent with the pattern I had researched the other day no or very tiny wind in the morning, strong wind started after 2pm, and then at around 8pm its strength was reduced again. The accuracy of this prediction was about 80%.The road was very bad today. I walked whole afternoon in an ancient riverbed and it was so difficult that I had to use all of my strengths to move a small step forward and then to stop to breath, slower than a snail. After five hours' struggling, my eyes got wet when I saw the grassy river bank. Finally! The nightmare was over.Cold and clear morningHeavy morning condensation in the interior, a lot of frost to clearSuch dawning sunlight indicated a cloudy day ahead Day 9 (April 28), 18km, 5072mIn the morning I entered a range of sandy roads which were so terrible. The solar panel specially designed for GPS got short circuited. After checking it was found to be the diode got damaged. Luckily I got a replacement. Because the GPS was exclusively supplied by a solar panel so that it was no longer a problem for the power supplement of GPS. In a period of 70 days, I did replace the battery once, which saved me a lot of alkaline batteries. I did have another solar panel of 5.4 W which was used specifically for 7.5V Camera, DV and other digital facilities. Unlike water, I had never been short of power.At 7pm in the evening, I arrived at Pur Co. The surface of this lake was very odd the ice by the river bank rose and the river bank was broken, I reckoned that was due to the strong winds. The ice there was mingled with something yellow, could be the stain of alkali. There were many wild yaks on the other side of the lake. There could be two brown bears but I could not be for certain. On the east side of the lake, there was a peninsula leading to the centre of the lake. I camped just opposite to the peninsula. At night , I smashed the ice to get drinking water, which tasted alkali. For the first time I cooked the cereals, which was brought completely by accident. This was just because I found there was a little bit of extra space when I was in Nagri packing the stuff for this journey so that I bought two packs of cereals. It tasted disgusting, probably there was too much alkali in the water. I threw away half of it. Later I realised that probably I subconsciously felt that the provisions was so heavy. I would rather make it lighter at any cost.Dry all my stuff in the morning sun, a routine matterA faint dusk in Pur CoThe river bank pushed up by ice and opened like zipper by gustsThe pushed up surface of the iceThe place where I got my drinking water, a thin layer of ice behind the ablation corns The moment just before sun set, glittering Pur Co, nothing was the same差点儿没找到俺自己的帖子，原来变色了。多谢各位鼓励。 Day 10 (April 29), 16km, Camping 5141mIn the morning, I walked around the north bank of the Pur Co， where it were continuous ups and downs sprinkled with light yellow sprouts across the sparse grassland. The wild yaks clustered into small groups. All of a sudden, there was a group of five of them running towards me, blowing a huge cloud of dust with the power of thunderbolts,I believed that anyone who did not know the characters of the wild yaks must be frightened to death under such circumstances. The fact was the wild yaks in groups never injured people. Rushing to you just to show you its territory. When they approached people at certain distance, they would turn sharply and run away, and then stopped somewhere high to stare at you. You can not imagine that the wild yaks were very cautious animals compared with its almost one ton of weight. Their first reaction, when meeting people, was to raise their tails, the front hooves rubbing against the ground, the horns pointing forward, the eyes redden, and the long body hair shaking, all of which showed their determination to fight.This was the warning sign that you should retreat. However, you should realise that this was only a gesture that they were afraid of you and wanted to scare you away. The thing was that if you were not afraid of them and moved forward, they would run away in no time. There were only some mad yaks attacking people, which was really rare to happen. In Chang Tang, an experienced driver know that it is very dangerous to pass directly from two or three lonely wild yaks. They always tried to avoid confronting them directly. If this was not possible, they would lit a cigarette, smoking, to wait until the yaks walked away themselves. This was because the wild yaks really could attack vehicles, which was not completely rumors. I once asked them why I had not been attacked. They told me that because my bike was so small they would not be bothered to attack it. My own experience was that approaching a wild yak very slowly, do not look into its eyes, and ignored what it was doing. As long as it moved forward a little bit, just stop and give the yaks a little bit of time to think. Because if you forced the yak, it could be themost dangerous animal in the world and nothing could stop them killing. Even a gunshot could not kill it but only left a small hole in its skin. In the past, the nomads living near this land would use yaks' skin as chopping board which was very much endurable. At noon, I lost my balacLAVA, which was brand new and I had never used it once. I could not be bothered to go back tofind it. This resulted in that I had to have my fleece hat day and night in the rest of my journey, which did not provide fully protection from the sun in the plateau. But somehow I was all right, perhaps because my skin is similar to those of yaks, lol. At around half past one, I found a deserted Jeep, upside down. I felt it could be there for years and it could be the vehicle of someillegal HUNTERs. Nowadays, we have wildlife conservation reserves in Chang Tang and the animals here are well protected. However, some people kills the wild yaks to sell them as the domestic yak's meat. In general, it is worth 10,000 Chinese yuans for a single wild yak. Therefore many people take the risk to make money. They often enter the unpopulated areas to hunt and their activities can reach 200 km in diameter. This is why the wild yaks in the deep wilderness are less afraid of people than thoseat the boundaries of the Chang Tang region.There once happened that a wild yak mother revenged its baby's murder in the Altun mountains. Its horns pierced the killer's chest and held his body over its head for more than ten days, which was very touching.Around 3pm, I walked out of the Pur basin. The next point was Hong Shan Daban and then it was the Yueya Hu by the Toze Gangri. At this time I found a vehicle track from south to north. I checked over but could not find the way where they had gone. I took my map, GPS, and compass, climbing up a small hill to estimate the location of Hong Shan Daban. The mountain was very round and it was hard to find the mountain pass. After determining the location of the Daban, I moved straightforward. When I passed a messy grassland, I saw something that I was reluctant to see more than hundreds of wild yaks' head scattered all over, which was definitely the scene of the illegal hunting. After that it was a very long ancient river bed with soft sand slowly rising until the foot of the mountain.There are some spines on the surface of the tongues of wild yaks, which are used by nomads in this area as combs. They use them from their teens to the time when their hair becomes silver.The deserted Jeep, could be left by illegal hunters years agoThe slaughtered wild yaks with the wheel size heads. Some of the skulls were chopped into half. Why was that? Could be taken away for making combs?My camp at the foot of the Daban underthe lingering golden rays of the setting sun. Tomorrow's weather must be wonderful, I reckoned Day 11(April 30)， 20.4km, Camping 5120mThe surface of the road leading to Hong Shan Daban was very hard, most of them were small rocks, sort of gravels, plus a quite long downhill slope, I pushed my bike more than 20km for the first time after Luxing Hu. The mountain pass was quite flat, just like a broad ridge, it was 5256m above the sea level. Upon arriving at the pass, Toze Gangri of 6356m was in my sight clearly, very much round and there was no back bone like normal snow covered mountains. Most of the snow mountains in Chang Tang looked like this probably it was due to the geological movements. There were quite a few chirus or Tibetan antelopes in the valley but I was not interested in this kind of animals anymore after I witnessed a large scale of migration of such animals last year elsewhere.The herbivorous animals here are very quick to reach its original size of the population, such as wild yaks, chirus, Tibetan gazelle, pika, and marmot. When you go into the depths of the Chang Tang, you could hardly be surpised by the sudden appearance of the chirus because they are so common in here. At this time of year, the chirus have already male-female parted. You could see many pregnant female chirus but hardly see any males. According to recent research, Zonag Co is not the only lake for breeding. There are at least four of them in the whole Chang Tang. Zonag Co, Tuzi Hu, Heishi Beihu, and another lake I can not remember. I think there must be more than four of them and most of the populations do not migrant long way like most people used to think. They generally migrant from south to north between Central Mountains and Kunlun Mountains.The chirus looks very timid but are very curious about outside world. They are not really afraid of people, particularly in the depth of the Chang Tang. The nearest distance we can approach is about 30m. They just stare at you calmly and think who you are and why you move so slow. They would run in front of you. Look like they are afraid of you but the fact is they are playing with you. A man's own character shapes his fortune. This is of course suit for animals too. The chirus are the typical one. They have a super speed and a pair of sharp antlers. If they are crazy, three of them work together could easily kill a wolf. But as you might have known, their antlers are just for fighting to mate with females.Down the Daban there was a very steep and straight road, I tried to ride the bicycle but ended up with falling over. The front rack came loose and one of the pannier flew into valley. The foot of the mountain was the Yueya Hu covered by ice, which was alake full of heavy metal elements. Along the lake bank there were many stark rocks very much weathered, lining up just like castles or houses. This made me stop to investigate what they were from time to time, I did understand they were just rocks though but they were so real like the figures of real people. On of them even made me hide in a ditch, observing them again and again using my binoculars. There were also many black volcanic rocks. All in all, the features of this area were really unusual.Passed over the Yueya Hu, it was an endless ancient lake bed. What my GPS showed was this area was a big lake like tentacles. I looked around, it was endless wilderness without a piece of ice and a drop of water. Roughly, I estimated this lake bed was about 1200 square meters. I had to tell you that Chang Tang was a place where there was no high-resolution map. The marks in the map often were some kind of memory. Just like this ancient lake bed under my feet, may be it was full of water a few years ago. Who knows. Pushing the bike in such an endless lake bed was very easy to get lost. My mind was in a chaotic status too.The migration of the animals, photo taken last year The road rising up to the Daban, full of gravels, very hard, ideal for pushing your bikeThe Yueya Hu gazed at by the round and smooth Toze Gangri. At a glimpse, could you tell which was mountain, which was cloud?Ancient lake bed. The white stains were the alkali, look like ice. About wildlife (part 1)Declaration Personal experience for reference onlyDangerous wild animals and their threats to human beings are a ever-LASTING subject for those backpackers travelling in the wild.In Chang Tang, for example, there are two kinds of deadly animals, one is wolves and the other is brawn bears. As substitutes, wild yaks and crows might be dangerous to you in some circumstances that I will come back to this a little bit later on. As for how to protect yourself against these dangerous animals, I think the primary point is you do not try to hurt them because the emotions of human and animals are same instinctively. [Wolves]Throughout my journey, I met wolves a total of seven times, in which I confronted them five times. As you might have known that wolves have become more and more solitary animals, it is very rare they live in a large group nowadays. Please allow me off the point a little bit and talk about the ecological problems in Chang Tang. The problem is now not the decrease of the number of the chirus but the imbalance of the whole food chain, more specifically, the number of the animals on the higher trophic levels of the food chain has not yet reached its ideal level which results in this kind of imbalance. Particularly, the pikas and the marmots who have lost their predators rapidly expanse which results in the desertification of Chang Tang. As early as the middle of last century, wolves were the dominant predators in the vast wilderness. They became a threat not only to other preys but also nomads pasturing in this land. Therefore, the then government called on people to cull back the population of the wolves in Chang Tang, which resulted in the current situation directly. The last official record about wolves attacking humans was around 1970s, which happened in Bamaoqiongzong. A team of secientists was surrounded by a group of wolves and they had to shoot them using guns. Of course, at present in Chang Tang, wolves are absolutely lonely.In this traverse, the first time I encountered a pair of wolves, one of them staying in front of me pretending to attack me while the other staying behind me. This is the standard attacking strategy of wolves. First, you should not be nervous which can be easily detected by the predators. Second, you should not retreat even an inch because this means you are the prey rather than the predator. Do not make any large movement, of course you could take a picture if you feel safe to do so. You must look into its eyes for a few minutes or even half an hour. When the wolves can not work out who you are and consider you are not posing any danger to them, then they will leave. You should remember that wolves in this land do not lack of food and it is much easy for them to catch a pika than a human. Even if being hungry, they would evaluate how easy to get you done, What you need to do is to show them that you are not interested in them and you are not afraid of them at all, let alone to show your ID card to them. As for the wolves family, really, I have not heard for ages. If you really have an encounter with them and they have no other choice, then it definitely depends on your forture. In fact, for so many year, it has been very rare to happen that wolves kill human. But the rumours are still there, in particular, the road connecting Xinjiang and Tibet.The nearest encounter with a wolf throughout my journey, no conflict at all[Brown Bears]Brown bears are real dangerous animals to human. Every year there are some accidents happened in some regions of Xinjiang on the north side of Kunkun Mountains and steppes in Northern Tibet. More than that the bears could attack your house, smash your windows, and eat your sheep. Therefore, in Northern Tibet some local councils give subsidies to the pastorarists for compensating the losses due to the bears because they are not allow to fight back and kill the bears except their lives are in great danger. Once there was a nomad taught me a method to protect yourself from bears. He told me to pick up a stick to feed the bear and the bear thinks the stick is your hand which tastes disgusting. So the bear would leave. It was so funny but the reality is to find a stick in this vast wilderness is just like you win the lottery.Bears are omonivorous animal who are generally not interested in human flesh. You can find that in most of accidents, the bears did not eat any of the human flesh rather they just smashed them for kind of fun that we could not understand. For the reason why bears kill human, one explanation is the conflict between human and wildlife in this extreme ecological environment. The nomads invade the habitats of the bears, which results in these conflicts. On the other hand, it might be because bears have quite high IQ so that they think it is much easy to kill a sheep in the cote rather than to kill a pika in the wild.I have met bears five times in my traverse, in two cases we were very close to each other. I had even walked with one of them for quite a while, just like we had a date for a walk. The fact is it is not that terrible like you might imagine. The same rules for dealing with wolves apply to bears. Never provoke dangerous animals. A bear can run at a speed of 40km/h, do you think you can compete this in a highland 5,000m above sea level?However, there is a situation where it is really dangerous, that is the encounter. It is not easy to control your instinctive reaction to the external dangers. Last year once I turned around a hill, there was a bear just in front of me. The bear of course was frightened by me with its front legs holding up, waving in the air and roaring. At that time I sat on the ground, ignoring it. The bear then left in a few minutes. Chang Tang is a vast land so that this is not that easy to happen. But if it does happen, really only God can bless you.The nearest encounter with a bear throughout my journey. This bear disappeared in a herd of wild yaks, which I had tried hard to spot, really weird About wildlife (part 2)Declaration personal experience for reference only.[Wild Yaks]I have talked about quite a few, like in the post of Day10. I will no longer talk about it.This was the funniest encounter with a solitary wild yak, who did not warn me. If I sat down, it sat down too. If I moved forward, it stopped. Could not imagine what it was thinking about.[Crows]Crows are dangerous only when you fall unconscious in the wilderness. Of course they will be the first to taste your flesh in that case. Unlike their cousinsliving in urban areas, the crows in Chang Tang have a larger body like eagles. When they fly over your head, you could feel like it is a piece of cloud. They are scavengers but like fresh meat too. It once happened that a baby was killed by crows relentlessly, let alone the lambs got killed by them. Once a nomad asked me for fireworks to scare the crows away. (They are sacred birds not to be killed by human)It is easy to defend yourself against crows, that is to keep fighting, never fall in the wilderness.A short break attracted the crows. Of course, they were miscalculating this time, photo taken last year[Strategies Adopted]At the time when I met the four soldiers in Jieshan Daban, they said there were many dangerous animals in the Northern Tibet and asked me if I had brought a shotgun. I think if they knew that I would enter Chang Tang they would definitely check if I really have a shotgun. The so-called defence facilities I brought with me were the fireworks and pepper spray. I had never used them. The fireworks were ruined and thrown away when I crossed a river and I had never opened the pepper spray. I even had never thought about this when camping in the night. The reason was I did not feel the needs. During the day time whenever I met any animals I had never touched the knife I had brought. I did not have anything to defend myself when I walked out to investigate the route. The Chang Tang is really a vast area so as to be very easy to detect anything strange.By the way, you'd better to avoid mating season's animals because even tamed rabbits could be aggressive in mating season.The thing is even if you have a gun, it is not very much helpful when bears attack you. Therefore, your attitude is most important.I can tell you something. Dogs are more dangerous than these wild animals. I had been chased by Tibetan dogs, pounced on by dogs in mating season, also besieged by a group of dogs. I really feel it is more useful to know how to defend a dog.Declaration again The above experience is from Chang Tang only. Of course, the more you prepared, the better. Day 12 (May 1), 23.8km, Camping 5117mToday was May 1 -- the Labour Day, I had been walking in some lake area marked in the map but clearly dried up. The lake basin was flat and hard so that I even pushed my bike more than 20km. Let it be the special treat for my May Day. After midday it became cloudy with growing winds. Since the Yueya Hu that I passed yesterday, there were no big lakes until Yanghu Co (My route would be between Jianshui Hu and Bairab Co), there was even no light alkaline water to drink so I had to pay extra attention not to miss any possible drinking water supply to fill up my water bag. There were a few very small lakes but all were alkaline puddles which was very shallow, whose depth was no more than the length of a half-finger. These puddles were covered with a hard shell of the mixture of salt and ice which smelled stinking and decaying when getting closer, must be toxic water I supposed. On the shore of this type of small lakes it was muddy soil and very hard to get closer.There was no sign of tundra at all.It was almost half past six when I found some snow corns in a ditch, which was the only drinking water supply of the day. There was a thin layer of melted ice on the surface of the ground near the snow corn, which was very hard to collect and was contaminated by the alkali. The snow corn was the yet melted thick snow, which was shaped like a corn by wind. The snow was quite hard and dry,porous like ice. I crushed a few snow corns, putting them into the water bag.They would be my drinking water tonight. These snow corns were the only one in today's wilderness, I reckoned the reason why they were not melted like others was the soil underneath contained large amount of ice blocks which acted as a freezer.Very strong gale in the night, it was hard to bear the sound of the vibration of the tent. Small single tent was good in the sense that it would not be blown away as long as you stayed inside. But you had to be very careful to set up the tent. I once did not pay much attention when doing so, the tent was blown away by winds, and rolling over like a Giant lantern ... I ran after it, got it back, and was exhausted. In general, it is not possible to fix the tent completely using tent pegs because they were not very much effective like large tents. It was snowing around 23 o'clock, the winds were howling from north,then the falling snow flakes landed on my tent quietly, I finally felt at peace and fell asleep. The flat ancient lake basin, assisting me walking more than 20kmSmall lake en route, toxic waterSnow corns, the only drinking water supply today Day 13 (May 2), 0km, Camping 5117mWaking up in the morning and opening the tent, the heavy snow outside must be sent by the God to force me have a break for the May Day. After lying in for a while, getting up and walking on the snowy ground out I went to have a look around. As first sight there were a herd of chirus. They were plainly to be spotted because they looked like a clear black straight line in the while snow. I returned to get my camera and then followed them to take some pictures. But they were very much alert and kept a quite long distance from me. I felt they were a group of pregnant females, instinctively protecting themselves from any potential harm. I was no longer short of water, the snow gave me a precious supply of drinking water. The problem was that they were very petrol consuming. I tool 8.6 litre of petrol and the oil stove was Duola's MSR. The pot was of 1.5 litre, mainly for boiling water. After several days' experiments, I found that the liquid water needed 16mins and 14-15mins to boil in the morning and evening, respectively. For ice, it would take 35-40mins while for snow it took 45-50mins. Melting snow was a very time and petrol consuming process so if I had a choice between snow and light alkaline water, most of time I would go with the latter. Lying inside the tent, listening to musics,I smoked a cigarette while gazing at the more and more chirus around me. Because it was very cold I had been wearing my shoes all the time. Now I just put my bare feet under the warm sun for some fresh air. I found three cuts in my hands and one in my sole. The cuts were about 4cm in length, looked terrible but it was actually all right really. Half of my toes were injured by to much walking, quite painful. I fetched my medicine bag and found I only got four patches of plasters, a serious mistake. One of the cuts in my hand had never been cured until I was out of this desolate land so as to feel like this finger would drop from my hand at any time. The others quickly recovered in a few days then new cuts appeared elsewhere. This process occurred periodically. I felt that it was somewhat related to the cold, dry weather and the lack of vitamins. The snow rapidly disappeared, which is unique phenomenon in Chang Tang. Because of the low air humidity and the high radiation from the sun, the snow was evaporating very fast, much quicker than the melting speed. Owing to this, the ground was generally still dry after the snow disappeared. In most cases, it would be only 2/5 left in the afternoon around 2 to 3 o'clock and small patches of ground could be seen. It would be completely all right for walking the next day. On the third day there could be some snow left in somewhere the sunlight hard to reach. So generally it could give you three days of water supply after a heavy snow like this. One of the pannier was broken, the most expensive one from deuter series, supposed to be waterproof. I will come back to it at some point later. Everything was covered by snow, no way out Lying in the middle of Chang Tang, listening to Tian Zhen's songs, and smoking Baisha cigarettes, what else can you ask for? The pregnant female chirus in migration, probably heading to Heishi Beihu to give birth([]
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